Gaines Mill/Cold Harbor (May 1, 2011)

On Sunday, continued exploring with a history buff buddy of mine. We went to Cold Harbor and Gaines Mill to see the Civil War Battlefields there. At left you can see the Gaines Mill Battlefield. The battle was fought on June 27, 1862 and was a major part of the "Seven Days Battles". Forces numbering around 32,000 Union met 57,000 Confederate. The Union goal was to capture Richmond and end the war. At this battle troops under Robert E. Lee drove off Union forces which retreated. The defeat also caused General McClellan who lead the overall Union armies to withdraw his forces toward the James River, ending this threat to Richmond, Va.
Cold Harbor Battlefield seen at left happened two years later; from May 31-June 12, 1864. Again the goal was Richmond, Va, this time the Union Commander was General U.S. Grant, and the Confederate forces were under Robert E. Lee. Lee's army made some seven miles of earthworks some of which survive to this day. On June 3 Grant ordered an assault on those lines. The night before troops put their names on pieces of paper, seeing what would be coming a little before dawn. The Union forces out in the open were mowed down by the Confederate fire. In minutes as many as 7,000 Union troops were killed to a loss of only 1,500 Confederate.
Grant later said Cold Harbor (again some Earthworks seen at left) was his biggest regret; that had he to do it over again, he would not have ordered that charge. Over trenches on both sides, the two armies took mostly pot shots at each other until June 12, when Grant suddenly withdrew his army toward Petersburg, Va. There, they would lay siege to the city (as well as of Richmond) in a long battle which would eventually result in the defeat of Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, and the end of the Civil War. I went to the Petersburg battlefield a few weeks ago (and with these two places, not for the first time) and have some photos in previous posts.
One new place we visited was the Cold Harbor Cemetery. There we saw a number of monuments such as this one, which is a cannon mounted in concrete. The plaque there notes that some 1958 union soldiers are buried there; 673 known by name, 1279 unknown. There are monuments there as well from Pennsylvania, New York, and a large monument from Congress. I also came across the grave of Medal of Honor winner Augustus Barry, who won the nation's highest award for service in the Civil War. Bodies found some time later at Gaines Mill unburied were a big reason for the establishment of the cemetery. Many of the bodies there were also killed at Cold Harbor. They have been joined over the years with fellow soldiers killed in other US Wars including the Spanish American War, World War One and Two and Vietnam. The cemetery is a quiet and mournful place especially on an overcast day such as May 1 was. So many gave so much in that time, and faced such terrible fates to keep this county united as one nation. Battles such as the fought were literally hell on earth from all accounts.
Another look here at Gaines Mill Battlefield. The battle was interesting in that both Union and Confederate forces flew hot air observation balloons. While they gave good information on troop movements, they were discounted in many cases by the commanders. Confederate balloons were flown from a area which many years later became the site of the Richmond International Airport. A small monument to them can be found just outside of the Virginia Aviation Museum near the airport.
I enjoyed a great two days of exploring in the Richmond area, an area which is both rich with history and has a bright future as well.